I have a very similar dock from i-tec for DisplayLink
https://i-tec.pro/de/produkt/cadua4kdockpdl-3/
I can use the genuine USB cable delivered with and also other cables for Thunderbolt 3. No problems.
This dock delivers video for monitors only on the ports for DisplayPort and HDMI on the backside. You can use only one output per Zone (Zone 1 or Zone 2). For example Zone 1 DisplayPort and Zone 2 HDMI.
This dock can't do USB alternate mode on the ports for USB on the front side. So you can't connect monitors to the USB ports.
And very important! You have to install the driver on the host machine you connct to the dock via the USB host cable to. Either for Windows or macOS. Only with ChromeOS the dock works natively without driver installation. For me too.
Check your driver installation on your host machine and use the cable which came with the dock. Use the most recent driver from DisplayLink. It is much better than the previous ones.
I have a cable Thunderbolt 3 from DeLock I connect the dock to the port Thunderbolt 3 on a Apple iMac 2017. No problem.